Selection Specification Table for Pump Skids & Loading Arms for Light / Medium / Heavy Oil - Knowledge

Selection Specification Table for Pump Skids & Loading Arms for Light / Medium / Heavy Oil
Notes: Suitable for truck & railway loading gantries; material compatibility based mainly on 304 SS, applicable to liquid petroleum fuels (excluding LPG); including sealing, heat tracing, explosion protection and control configuration points, compatible with batch controllers such as DL8000.
Oil Category	Representative Media	Key Medium Properties	Pump Skid Selection	Loading Arm Selection	Sealing & Material Notes	Safety & Control Accessories
Light Oil	92#/95#/98# Gasoline, E10 Ethanol Gasoline, Naphtha, Solvent Oil, Jet Fuel A-1	Low flash point, highly volatile, high static electricity risk, high cavitation risk, strong permeation	Explosion-proof centrifugal pump; self-priming centrifugal pump preferred; Ethanol-special pump for ethanol-blended fuel; 60~80 mesh strainer at pump suction; Adequate NPSH required, dry running prohibited; VFD / batch control, low-speed startup; Vacuum assist optional for naphtha	Top loading arm AL1402, DN50/DN80/DN100; DN80 commonly for gasoline; Seal: PTFE + FKM; Dual-pipe arm (liquid + vapor return); Swivel joint: 304 / 316L, PTFE seal; ERC Emergency Release Coupling mandatory; Static bonding & grounding clamp	Wetted parts: 304 / 316L; Gasket: PTFE; Ordinary NBR is NOT suitable for long-term service with gasoline, naphtha, ethanol gasoline; Hose: Conductive composite anti-static hose	Static grounding interlock, high-level tuning fork interlock, ESD emergency stop, flammable gas detector, vapor recovery system, flow velocity control (≤1 m/s initial, ≤3 m/s full pipe), Ex d IIB T4
Medium Oil	0#/-10#/-20#/-35# Diesel, MGO Marine Gas Oil	Low volatility, higher flash point, moderate static risk, sensitive to pour point, good fluidity at ambient temperature	Explosion-proof centrifugal pump (mainstream for diesel loading); Heat tracing & insulation on pump body for low-grade cold-resistant diesel (-35#); 40~60 mesh strainer; Quantitative batch loading; Gear pump for low flow rate	Top loading AL1402 DN80/DN100; Bottom loading AL2503 preferred for diesel; Seal: FKM / NBR (NBR acceptable for diesel); Vapor return optional (required by local environmental regulation); ERC optional; Swivel joint: 304 SS	Gasket: NBR / PTFE both acceptable; Hose: Anti-static rubber or composite hose; Low-temperature diesel may harden NBR seal, FKM preferred	Static grounding interlock, high-level interlock, flammable gas detector (optional), temperature monitoring for low-temperature media, flow ≤4 m/s, Ex d IIB T4
Heavy Oil	IFO180, IFO380 Fuel Oil, Residue, Heavy Diesel	High viscosity, high pour point, non-flowable at ambient temperature, easy to solidify, viscosity strongly temperature-dependent, barely volatile	Positive displacement pump: External gear pump / triple screw pump (preferred). Ordinary centrifugal pumps NOT suitable for high viscosity; Full skid steam / thermal oil heat tracing + insulation; 20~40 mesh strainer at pump inlet & outlet; Preheating before startup & line preheating; Pressure protection & overload protection, soft startup	Heavy-duty AL1402 DN100/DN150/DN175 top loading arm; Jacketed loading arm with steam heat tracing & insulation; High-temperature grade FKM seal; Vapor return generally not required; Enhanced counterweight & high-torque swivel joint for high drag from viscous fluid; Bottom loading not recommended	Body material: WCB / 304 SS; High-temperature compound sealing; Avoid local overheating to prevent oil carbonization; Hose: High-temperature resistant jacketed traced hose	Medium temperature monitoring, high-pressure trip, anti-dry-heat protection, preheat permission interlock, purging connection (air / steam purge to prevent solidification during shutdown), Ex d IIB T3
Supplementary Selection Rules (Gantry Design Standard)
1.Flow Velocity Limits
Light oil (gasoline / naphtha): Initial filling velocity ＜1 m/s; after liquid level ＞200 mm, max ≤3 m/s
Diesel: ≤4 m/s
Heavy fuel oil: Normally 0.8~2 m/s, limited by viscosity & pressure drop
2.Loading Arm Type Definition
AL1402: Top loading arm (for roof loading, universal for gasoline, jet fuel, heavy oil)
AL2503: Bottom loading arm (closed bottom loading, mainstream for diesel)
3.Pump Selection Taboos
Do not use centrifugal pump for high-viscosity heavy oil: low efficiency, vapor binding, insufficient output
Do not use ordinary gear pump for gasoline / naphtha: vapor lock easily occurs; self-priming centrifugal pump + vapor recovery preferred
4.Seal Elastomer Compatibility Cheat Sheet
FKM (Fluoroelastomer): Universal for gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, heavy oil; high cost, good heat resistance
NBR (Nitrile Rubber): Only suitable for diesel; swell & failure with gasoline, naphtha, ethanol gasoline
Batch Controller Matching
Light oil skid: DL8000 + grounding + level + ESD, highest interlock priority
Medium diesel skid: Standard quantitative loading, simplified interlock
Heavy oil skid: Controller reads temperature signal; pump start inhibited if preheat temperature condition not satisfied