In the petrochemical industry, there are various types of liquid products with diverse chemical properties. These chemical materials are transported using different vehicles such as trucks, rail tank cars, or tankers, each with significant variations in type and different sizes of loading openings. There are also distinctions between top-loading and bottom-loading methods, among others. Therefore, it is crucial to select the appropriate form of loading arm (crane system) based on various practical situations, which is essential for ensuring safety in production. The selection process generally follows the following principles.
*For loading and unloading liquefied petroleum gas or liquefied gas materials, a closed loading arm must be used.
*When the material, under normal temperature storage and loading/unloading conditions, has a saturated vapor pressure close to or exceeding 0.1 MPa (absolute pressure), a closed loading arm must be used.
*When the material, under normal temperature storage and loading/unloading conditions, is a volatile liquid with flammable, explosive, polluting, or hazardous properties to human health, a closed loading arm must be used.
*When the material is volatile and the evaporated gas has certain recovery value, a closed loading arm must be used.
*When unloading tank trucks or tankers using gas-phase pressurized unloading or vacuum suction, a closed loading arm must be used.
*For corrosive materials, in order to prevent material splashing and ensure personal safety, a closed loading arm should be used.
*For loading and unloading of low-volatile and non-hazardous general liquid materials, an open loading arm can be used.
*For loading low-volatile liquid materials, an insert-type short drop tube can be used, such as a 90° horizontal outlet or a 45° diagonal outlet.
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